Italy AI Report
Date: November 29, 2025
Italy is a large country with 0.8% of the world's population. Italy is a democratic, republic country. It has 60 world heritage sites.
Italy is the 25th ranked country in population and 72nd ranked in area out of 195 countries in the world. Please keep the country rank in perspective, for the highlights below.
GDP Per Capita (USD)
Military Budget (in Billion $)
Italy is the 1st highest ranked in GDP Per Capita (USD) out of all the 195 countries.This implies that this country is a developed country.
The Average Total No. of Pharmacists of 195 countries in the world is 19,528. Italy is the 5th highest ranked country out of 195 countries. This implies better healthcare infrastructure investment by the country or higher level of health awareness among the people.
Italy is the 10th highest ranked in Total No. of Doctors out of all the 195 countries.This implies better healthcare infrastructure investment by the country or higher level of health awareness among the people.
Out of 195 countries in the world, Italy is the 12th highest ranked in Military Budget (in Billion $) . This implies that threats to the country is higher compared to other countries.
Employment in Agriculture
Natural Gas Prod.
Oil Prod.
Onion prod.
Out of 195 countries in the world, Italy is the 120th worst ranked in Employment in Agriculture . This may indicate that a significant portion of population is living in urban areas or simply imply that the country is developed
Out of 195 countries in the world, Italy is the 142nd worst ranked in Natural Gas Prod. . This indicates that natural resources are scarce in this country when compared to other countries, and it may be a huge importer of such resources.
Out of 195 countries in the world, Italy is the 155th worst ranked in Oil Prod. . This indicates that natural resources are scarce in this country when compared to other countries, and it may be a huge importer of such resources.
The Average Onion prod. of 195 countries in the world is 773,539. Italy is the 157th worst ranked country out of 195 countries. This is indicative of less focus on the production of onion, or scarcity of fertile land, or higher industrialisation as compared to other countries.
Languages Metrics
| Sr. | Title | Metric | World Average | Rank out of 195 | Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Above World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Italian | # People | 315,853 | 1 | 1130 | ||
| 2 | Italian as a % of total Italian speakers | % People | 0 | 1 | 1126 | ||
| 3 | Slovenian | # People | 9,820 | 2 | 1128 | ||
| 4 | Slovenian as a % of total Slovenian speakers | % People | 0 | 2 | 1129 | ||
| 5 | Maltese | # People | 2,314 | 3 | 1126 | ||
| 6 | Maltese as a % of total Maltese speakers | % People | 0 | 3 | 1128 | ||
| 7 | Albanian | # People | 23,304 | 7 | 1128 | ||
| 8 | Albanian as a % of total Albanian speakers | % People | 0 | 7 | 1125 | ||
|
Below World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Standard Chinese | # People | 6,821,357 | 24 | 1234 | ||
| 2 | French | # People | 596,219 | 20 | 1235 | ||
| 3 | French as a % of total French speakers | % People | 0 | 19 | 1230 | ||
| 4 | German | # People | 498,994 | 10 | 1231 | ||
| 5 | German as a % of total German speakers | % People | 0 | 10 | 1235 | ||
| 6 | Catalan | # People | 45,258 | 4 | 1230 | ||
| 7 | Catalan as a % of total Catalan speakers | % People | 0 | 4 | 1230 | ||
Wealth Metrics
| Sr. | Title | Metric | World Average | Rank out of 195 | Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Above World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | GDP Per Capita (USD) | $ | 6,447 | 1 | 1130 | ||
| 2 | FDI (millions USD) | Amount | 3,115 | 7 | 1127 | ||
| 3 | FDI / Total FDI of the World %. | 0 | 7 | 1130 | |||
| 4 | GDP (Billions USD) 2025 | $ Billions | 597 | 8 | 1127 | ||
| 5 | GDP as a % of Total GDP | Percent | 0 | 8 | 1129 | ||
| 6 | Import of Goods and Services (in Million $) | Amount | 183,299 | 10 | 1129 | ||
| 7 | Export of Goods and Services (in Million $) | Amount | 186,399 | 10 | 1128 | ||
| 8 | Imports/Total Imports of the World %. | 0 | 10 | 1128 | |||
| 9 | Exports /Total Exports of the World %. | 0 | 10 | 1128 | |||
| 10 | Import Ban(Number of products) | Count | 12 | 13 | 1126 | ||
| 11 | GDP Per Capita at PPP (USD) | $ | 30,228 | 29 | 1128 | ||
| 12 | Corporate Tax Rates in % | Rate | 23 | 59 | 1127 | ||
|
Below World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Exports/Total GDP of the Country %. | 53 | 114 | 1231 | |||
| 2 | Imports /Total GDP of the Country %. | 46 | 94 | 1232 | |||
| 3 | No. of Companies Listed in NYSE | Count | 65 | 24 | 1230 | ||
Urbanization Metrics
| Sr. | Title | Metric | World Average | Rank out of 195 | Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Above World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Pop. with access to Electricity (%) | % People | 86 | 1 | 1127 | ||
| 2 | Urban Population (2021) | # People | 23,726,053 | 22 | 1126 | ||
| 3 | # Cities>100000 | # Cities | 21 | 23 | 1128 | ||
| 4 | # Cities>100000 | # Cities | 23 | 25 | 1128 | ||
| 5 | # Cities>500000 | # Cities | 4 | 29 | 1129 | ||
| 6 | # Cities>1M | # Cities | 1 | 30 | 1126 | ||
| 7 | # Cities>500000 | # Cities | 5 | 32 | 1129 | ||
| 8 | # Cities>300000 | # Cities | 7 | 34 | 1127 | ||
| 9 | # Cities>300000 | # Cities | 8 | 38 | 1130 | ||
| 10 | Urban Population / Total Population % . | % People | 60 | 68 | 1130 | ||
|
Below World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Rural Pop. /Total Pop. % | % People | 40 | 128 | 1230 | ||
| 2 | # Cities>1M | # Cities | 2 | 33 | 1235 | ||
| 3 | Rural Pop. | # People | 18,013,759 | 33 | 1231 | ||
Culture Metrics
| Sr. | Title | Metric | World Average | Rank out of 195 | Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Above World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | World Heritage Sites | Count | 7 | 1 | 1126 | ||
| 2 | # Oscar Wins – Best International Feature Film | 2 | 1 | 1129 | |||
| 3 | Share of Best International Feature Film Wins (% World) | 3 | 1 | 1129 | |||
| 4 | # FIFA World Cup Championships | 2 | 2 | 1125 | |||
| 5 | Share of FIFA World Cup Championships (% World) | 12 | 2 | 1125 | |||
| 6 | # Cannes Grand Prizes (Palme d'Or or Grand Prix) | 4 | 3 | 1126 | |||
| 7 | Share of Cannes Grand Prize Wins (% World) | 3 | 3 | 1128 | |||
| 8 | # FIFA World Cup Finalist Appearances | 3 | 3 | 1128 | |||
| 9 | # Olympic Medals | Count | 157 | 6 | 1130 | ||
| 10 | Silver Medal | Count | 3 | 6 | 1127 | ||
| 11 | Bronze Medal | Count | 4 | 6 | 1128 | ||
| 12 | Total Medals | Count | 12 | 7 | 1127 | ||
| 13 | Christian Population | # People | 11,885,917 | 9 | 1125 | ||
| 14 | Christian Pop./Total Christian Pop.% | % People | 0 | 9 | 1126 | ||
| 15 | Gold Medal | Count | 3 | 10 | 1127 | ||
| 16 | Christian Pop./Total Pop.% | % People | 42 | 14 | 1130 | ||
|
Below World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Islamic Pop./Total Pop.% | % People | 22 | 94 | 1232 | ||
| 2 | Islamic Population | # People | 9,936,734 | 58 | 1230 | ||
| 3 | Islamic Pop./Total Islamic Pop.% | % People | 0 | 58 | 1231 | ||
| 4 | Jewish Pop./Total Pop.% | % People | 0 | 30 | 1231 | ||
| 5 | Jewish Population | # People | 78,295 | 17 | 1234 | ||
| 6 | Jewish Pop./Total Jewish Pop. % | % People | 0 | 17 | 1231 | ||
| 7 | # FIFA World Cup Third-Place Finishes | 1 | 7 | 1233 | |||
| 8 | # FIFA World Cup Runners-Up | 2 | 4 | 1231 | |||
Governance Metrics
| Sr. | Title | Metric | World Average | Rank out of 195 | Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Above World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Lawyers Per 100K | People Per 100K | 160 | 4 | 1129 | ||
| 2 | Military Budget (in Billion $) | $ Billion | 15 | 12 | 1125 | ||
| 3 | Military Budget/Total World Military Budget %. | Percent | 0 | 12 | 1127 | ||
| 4 | Police Officers | # People | 138,224 | 17 | 1129 | ||
| 5 | Total Military Force | # People | 358,465 | 30 | 1130 | ||
|
Below World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Military Force/Total Pop. % | % People | 1 | 73 | 1235 | ||
| 2 | Judges Per 100K | People Per 100K | 11 | 36 | 1231 | ||
| 3 | Military Force/Total World Military Force %. | % People | 0 | 30 | 1232 | ||
Media Metrics
| Sr. | Title | Metric | World Average | Rank out of 195 | Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Above World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | # Theaters | Count | 310 | 4 | 1125 | ||
| 2 | Theaters/Total Theaters %. | Percent | 0 | 4 | 1127 | ||
| 3 | Theaters per 100000 | Ratio | 1 | 11 | 1129 | ||
| 4 | # Mobile phone numbers | Count | 40,393,496 | 19 | 1127 | ||
| 5 | # Phone Numbers /Total Pop. % | Percent | 101 | 26 | 1130 | ||
Health Metrics
| Sr. | Title | Metric | World Average | Rank out of 195 | Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Above World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Total No. of Pharmacists | # People | 19,528 | 5 | 1125 | ||
| 2 | Life Expectancy at Birth, both sexes | Age | 73 | 8 | 1130 | ||
| 3 | Total No. of Doctors | # People | 78,648 | 10 | 1126 | ||
|
Below World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Dentist to doctor ratio | Ratio | 3 | 67 | 1232 | ||
| 2 | Dentist (per 10,000) | People per 10000 | 31 | 47 | 1233 | ||
Nature Metrics
| Sr. | Title | Metric | World Average | Rank out of 195 | Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Above World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Apple Production (in tonnes) | Weight | 1,044,287 | 6 | 1127 | ||
| 2 | Apple Production (% of Total Apple Production) | Percent | 1 | 6 | 1128 | ||
| 3 | Orange Production (in tonnes) | Weight | 618,959 | 11 | 1125 | ||
| 4 | Orange Production (% of Total Orange Production) | Percent | 0 | 11 | 1127 | ||
| 5 | Cow Milk Production (in tonnes) | Weight | 3,855,383 | 14 | 1126 | ||
| 6 | Cow Milk Production (% of Total Cow Milk Production) | Percent | 0 | 14 | 1128 | ||
| 7 | Cow Beef Production (in tonnes) | Weight | 320,761 | 19 | 1130 | ||
| 8 | Cow Beef Production (% of Total Cow Beef Production) | Percent | 0 | 19 | 1126 | ||
| 9 | Chicken Meat Production (% of Total Chicken Meat Production) | Percent | 0 | 28 | 1129 | ||
| 10 | Chicken Meat Production (in tonnes) | Weight | 588,164 | 29 | 1127 | ||
| 11 | Tree density. | Density | 22,685 | 72 | 1129 | ||
|
Below World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Tree density . | Density | 828 | 108 | 1233 | ||
| 2 | Goat Meat Production (% of Total Goat Meat Production) | Percent | 0 | 88 | 1233 | ||
| 3 | Goat Meat Production (in tonnes) | Weight | 46,111 | 89 | 1231 | ||
| 4 | Forest Area. | Area | 21,142,892 | 55 | 1233 | ||
| 5 | Country forest area / Global Forest area % | 0 | 53 | 1232 | |||
| 6 | Natural Gas Prod. | Million cubic meters | 216,389 | 53 | 1235 | ||
| 7 | Natural Gas Produced/Total Natural Gas Produced % | Mass | 5 | 52 | 1235 | ||
| 8 | Number of Trees | Count | 15,642,617,148 | 45 | 1234 | ||
| 9 | Cows (% of Total Cows) | Percent | 0 | 44 | 1230 | ||
| 10 | Number of Cows | Count | 8,697,624 | 44 | 1233 | ||
| 11 | Oil Prod. | Barrels/day | 4,369,531 | 41 | 1232 | ||
| 12 | Oil Prodcuced/Total Oil Produced % | 5 | 41 | 1233 | |||
| 13 | Goat Milk Production (% of Total Goat Milk Production) | Percent | 0 | 40 | 1235 | ||
| 14 | Goat Milk Production (in tonnes) | Weight | 196,989 | 40 | 1231 | ||
| 15 | Onion prod. | Tons | 773,539 | 39 | 1235 | ||
| 16 | Onion Produced/Total Onion Produced % | Weight | 0 | 39 | 1235 | ||
| 17 | Potatoes prod. | Tons | 2,538,925 | 37 | 1231 | ||
| 18 | Potatoes Produced /Total Potatoes Produced % | Weight | 0 | 36 | 1232 | ||
| 19 | Rice prod. | Tons | 5,090,580 | 36 | 1233 | ||
| 20 | Rice Produced/Total Rice Produced.% | Weight | 0 | 34 | 1230 | ||
| 21 | Barley prod. | Tons | 1,576,534 | 26 | 1232 | ||
| 22 | Barley Produced/Total Barley Produced.% | Weight | 1 | 26 | 1231 | ||
| 23 | Wheat prod. | Tons | 6,698,590 | 20 | 1230 | ||
| 24 | Wheat Produced /Total Wheat Produced. %. | Weight | 0 | 20 | 1231 | ||
| 25 | Soyabean prod. | Tons | 3,684,006 | 14 | 1235 | ||
| 26 | Soyabean Produced/Total Soyabean Produced % | Weight | 1 | 14 | 1231 | ||
| 27 | Buffalo Milk Production (in tonnes) | Weight | 7,516,792 | 7 | 1230 | ||
| 28 | Buffalo Milk Production (% of Total Buffalo Milk Production) | Percent | 4 | 7 | 1233 | ||
Internet Metrics
| Sr. | Title | Metric | World Average | Rank out of 195 | Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Above World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Instagram Users | Absolute | 3,609,530 | 7 | 1127 | ||
| 2 | Instagram Users as a % of Total Instagram Users | % People | 0 | 7 | 1127 | ||
| 3 | LinkedIn users | # People | 6,652,451 | 9 | 1125 | ||
| 4 | LinkedIn Users as a % of Total LinkedIn Users | % People | 0 | 9 | 1127 | ||
| 5 | Facebook users | # People | 6,739,260 | 14 | 1126 | ||
| 6 | Internet Users | # People | 28,115,900 | 21 | 1127 | ||
| 7 | Instagram Users as a % of Total Internet Users | % People | 16 | 22 | 1129 | ||
| 8 | Twitter users | # People | 2,908,615 | 23 | 1128 | ||
| 9 | Twitter Users as a % of Total Twitter Users | % People | 0 | 23 | 1129 | ||
| 10 | Instagram Users as a % of Total Population | % People | 13 | 23 | 1126 | ||
| 11 | LinkedIn Users as a % of Total Population | % People | 32 | 45 | 1130 | ||
| 12 | LinkedIn Users as a % of Total Internet Users | % People | 36 | 47 | 1125 | ||
| 13 | FB Users / Total Pop. %. | % People | 24 | 57 | 1126 | ||
| 14 | Int. Users / Total Pop.% | % People | 69 | 59 | 1128 | ||
| 15 | FB Users / Total Int. Users %. | % People | 31 | 67 | 1127 | ||
| 16 | Facebook Users as a % of Total facebook Users | % People | 31 | 67 | 1125 | ||
|
Below World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Facebook CPC in Rs. | Absolute | 5 | 155 | 1234 | ||
| 2 | Twitter Users as a % of Total Internet Users | % People | 14 | 86 | 1234 | ||
| 3 | Twitter Users as a % of Total Population | % People | 12 | 79 | 1234 | ||
Work Metrics
| Sr. | Title | Metric | World Average | Rank out of 195 | Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Above World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Unemployed Labour Force. | # People | 1,511,199 | 19 | 1126 | ||
| 2 | Employment in Services | # People | 10,251,634 | 21 | 1127 | ||
| 3 | Formal Jobs | # People | 10,605,934 | 21 | 1129 | ||
| 4 | Non-Agricultural Labour Force | # People | 15,067,127 | 21 | 1129 | ||
| 5 | Total Labour Force (2021) | # People | 20,409,734 | 27 | 1130 | ||
| 6 | Unemployment Rate. | % People | 7 | 31 | 1127 | ||
| 7 | Non-Agri Labour force/Total Labour force %. | % People | 76 | 37 | 1130 | ||
| 8 | Employment in Services / Total Labour Force %. | % People | 56 | 49 | 1127 | ||
| 9 | Employment in services/Total Labour force %. | % People | 56 | 49 | 1127 | ||
| 10 | Wage & Salaried Workers / Total Labour Force % | % People | 58 | 53 | 1126 | ||
| 11 | Employment in Services /Total pop.%. | % People | 25 | 64 | 1129 | ||
| 12 | Total Labour Force/Total Pop. | % People | 43 | 93 | 1130 | ||
|
Below World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Employment in Agri. / Total Labour Force % . | % People | 23 | 142 | 1235 | ||
| 2 | Employment in Agriculture/Total Labour force %. | % People | 23 | 142 | 1231 | ||
| 3 | Employment in Agriculture /Total Pop. %. | % People | 9 | 142 | 1235 | ||
| 4 | Employment in Agriculture | # People | 5,314,003 | 76 | 1234 | ||
| 5 | Labour Force Participation | # People | 14,659,929 | 29 | 1233 | ||
Education Metrics
| Sr. | Title | Metric | World Average | Rank out of 195 | Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Above World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Total Literate Pop. | # People | 34,678,001 | 24 | 1126 | ||
| 2 | Literacy Rate (%) | % People | 86 | 31 | 1125 | ||
|
Below World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Enrolment in Primary Edu./ Total Literate Pop %. | % People | 36 | 180 | 1231 | ||
| 2 | Enrolment in Primary Edu./Total Pop %. | % People | 27 | 179 | 1234 | ||
| 3 | # Students per teacher in Primary edu. | Ratio | 260 | 159 | 1233 | ||
| 4 | # Students per teacher in secondary edu. | Ratio | 57 | 145 | 1234 | ||
| 5 | Enrolment in Secondary Edu./Total Literate Pop. | % People | 28 | 130 | 1230 | ||
| 6 | Enrolment in Secondary Edu./Total Pop %. | % People | 23 | 99 | 1231 | ||
| 7 | Enrolment in Tertiary Edu/Total Literate Pop. %. | % People | 9 | 73 | 1232 | ||
| 8 | Enrolment in Tertiary Edu./ Total Pop. %. | % People | 9 | 67 | 1231 | ||
| 9 | # Students per teacher in tertiary edu. | Ratio | 58 | 36 | 1234 | ||
| 10 | Teachers as a % of Enrolment | % People | 41 | 33 | 1232 | ||
| 11 | # Total Students (Primary+Secondary+Tertiary) | # People | 38,831,325 | 31 | 1230 | ||
| 12 | Teachers in tertiary edu. | # People | 297,976 | 25 | 1230 | ||
| 13 | Enrolment in tertiary edu.(all programmes) | # People | 4,618,191 | 23 | 1231 | ||
| 14 | Teachers in secondary edu. | # People | 659,923 | 16 | 1235 | ||
| 15 | # Total Teachers (Primary+Secondary+Tertiary) | # People | 2,858,694 | 15 | 1235 | ||
Demographics Metrics
| Sr. | Title | Metric | World Average | Rank out of 195 | Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Above World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Total Population (2025) | # People (In Thousands) | 42,003 | 25 | 1126 | ||
| 2 | Male Population (2025) | # People (In Thousands) | 21,226 | 25 | 1126 | ||
| 3 | Female Population (2025) | # People (In Thousands) | 20,993 | 25 | 1129 | ||
| 4 | Female % of Total Pop. | % People | 50 | 48 | 1130 | ||
| 5 | Total Deaths | # People (In Thousands) | 319 | 18 | 1125 | ||
|
Below World Average |
|||||||
| 1 | Population Growth Rate (%) | % People | 0 | 165 | 1233 | ||
| 2 | Male % of Total Pop. | % People | 50 | 147 | 1230 | ||
| 3 | Births | # People (In Thousands) | 681 | 63 | 1234 | ||
Language
- Official Language:
- 1. Italian : 55,294,000
- 2. French : 294,000
Mother Tongue : Italian
Literacy Rate (%) : 99.20
Basic Details
| Country Capital | : | Rome |
|---|---|---|
| GDP Per Capita | : | 9,999 |
| GDP Per Capita Rank | : | 27th/195 |
| Life Expectancy | : | 83 |
| Unemployment Rate | : | 7 |
| Number of Internet Users | : | 51,726,403 |
| Internet Users Rank | : | 21st/195 |
| Area | : | 295,975 |
| Area Rank | : | 72nd/195 |
| Total Population | : | 59,146 |
| Total Population Rank | : | 25th/195 |
List of cities having more than 100K population in Italy
| Sr. | City | Total City Population (2023) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bari | 316,736 |
| 2 | Bergamo | 119,809 |
| 3 | Bologna | 389,200 |
| 4 | Bolzano | 106,410 |
| 5 | Brescia | 197,236 |
| 6 | Cagliari | 148,296 |
| 7 | Catania | 299,730 |
| 8 | Ferrara | 129,724 |
| 9 | Florence | 362,742 |
| 10 | Foggia | 146,017 |
| 11 | Forlì | 116,726 |
| 12 | Genoa | 561,191 |
| 13 | Giugliano in Campania | 124,222 |
| 14 | Latina | 127,719 |
| 15 | Livorno | 153,859 |
| 16 | Messina | 219,387 |
| 17 | Milan | 1,358,420 |
| 18 | Modena | 184,836 |
| 19 | Monza | 122,369 |
| 20 | Naples | 917,510 |
| 21 | Novara | 101,797 |
| 22 | Padua | 207,112 |
| 23 | Palermo | 632,499 |
| 24 | Parma | 197,018 |
| 25 | Perugia | 162,367 |
| 26 | Pescara | 118,829 |
| 27 | Piacenza | 102,728 |
| 28 | Prato | 196,317 |
| 29 | Ravenna | 156,050 |
| 30 | Reggio Calabria | 171,181 |
| 31 | Reggio Emilia | 170,451 |
| 32 | Rimini | 149,681 |
| 33 | Rome | 2,755,309 |
| 34 | Salerno | 127,485 |
| 35 | Sassari | 121,409 |
| 36 | Syracuse | 116,635 |
| 37 | Taranto | 188,310 |
| 38 | Terni | 106,793 |
| 39 | Trento | 118,277 |
| 40 | Trieste | 199,032 |
| 41 | Turin | 847,398 |
| 42 | Venice | 250,913 |
| 43 | Verona | 256,049 |
| 44 | Vicenza | 110,283 |
Frequently Asked Questions :
Q - Does Prarang do surveys to collect data? How does Prarang have such granular
Country-level details which no private or public data source offers?
A - Prarang does not conduct surveys to gather data; instead, we rely on publicly available
sources such as UN Population data, the CIA World Factbook, and private surveys whose results
are accessible through news media and public websites. Our data classification follows a
three-fold method rooted in Indian logic (Tarkashastra): Pramana (evidence-based data
collection) involves gathering data from credible sources; Anumana (estimation and inference)
uses modeling to draw inferences from the collected data; and Upamana (comparison) ranks
countries through relative comparison, calculating the Samana (country average) to determine
whether each country ranks above or below this benchmark. All data sources and estimation
modeling methods are transparently detailed and accessible, with information available for each
data field by clicking the "i" icon.
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